新电子小制作“多模式信号灯”和“列车自动过分段”

hakutaka

电子器件高速发展，高集成度高速度单片机的涌现玲现在的电子制作既廉价，又小巧。
     多模式信号灯控制器是可以用在各种比例的铁道模型上的自动闭塞信号灯控制器，目前支持有中国3灯，4灯，4灯高速，进站和进站进路表示，出站和发车进路表示，进站信号支持引导信号，通过信号支持容许信号，支持大号道岔模式（黄闪黄）；日本模式支持3灯，4灯，特殊4灯（京浜急行的黄绿闪），5灯（北越急行的双绿）场内和中继。电路形式的通用性问题，暂时不支中日两国持所有的调车信号（包括行车信号机兼作调车信号）以及中国的双绿显示。放在盒子里电路总体大小只有4.5*3*1.8（厘米），电源5-6伏，每个盒子一盏灯，所有的盒子用很常见PS/2鼠标线串联在一起，可以单端也可以双端供电，每一段的长度最多可达15米（ho的场合换算1.3公里闭塞距离）。特别地，中间如果有断线或者虚接，那么断点开始上一信号机将灭灯（没电）或者显示红灯（没上一信号机的状态）。信号机初次上电要求设置信号类别（哪个国家，什么制式），该信息会写入单片机片内flash，以后上电可以自动进入该状态也可以选择改为新的显示模式。
      在大型沙盘中，一般来说只用一台电源是不现实的，因为会遇到和现实当中一样的远端电压降下的问题。因此需要多台电源，但是如果多台电源直接相连，也是不允许的。电压高的将向电压低的灌输电流，导致两者都烧毁。因此两个供电段之间必须隔理，如果是交流电，还可能存在不同供电段之间相位不同的情况，就更需要隔理。为此，做了一个地面自动过分段（相）的玩意儿，体积比信号等控制器稍大，也具有不同的模式：机车模式（动力在车头或者车尾，只看车头），动车模式（动力不在车头且全列斩断）和灯泡线模式（只允许机车）。和现实不同，出于模型的精致和容积有限，所以车上自动过分段（相）基本不可能，只有用地面自动过分段装置来解决供电分段的问题。
       今天论坛似乎不太正常，老未定义操作，图片过两天再发。
信号灯控制器的参考电路原理图：

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参考pcb图：

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[ 本帖最后由 hakutaka 于 2008-3-10 12:28 编辑 ]

保铁保段

看上去很先进

cipir

牛人牛人，就是牛人

hakutaka

今天发上点做得差不多了的图。
第三张图从左往右为：道岔方向判断（不接传感器或者因故开路=开通侧向，显示双黄或者黄闪黄），道岔大小判断（不接传感器或者因故开路=普通道岔，也就是满足前述条件只会显示双黄）和闭塞占用信号（因故断路，不接传感器=占用，永远显示红灯）。前两者必须用干簧管等器件构成连续电平触发模式，而闭塞占用信号既可以电平也可以是边沿触发。
本电路对应的程序（已编译好的），过两天整理完后再发上来。

[ 本帖最后由 hakutaka 于 2008-3-12 23:53 编辑 ]

沈局乌段

啥也别说了，你太有才了！

HugeDragonYK

我对LZ的敬仰犹如滔滔江水,连绵不绝啊....显然我现在才刚刚进入模型的大门....

保铁保段

显然我很喜欢这套系统

hakutaka

原帖由 rzmlcxy 于 2008-3-13 18:59 发表
不错 不错 你比我的先进多了 你的能进行列车自动控制吗？

此版本不可以，另有可以的版本体积变大一圈而且限非dcc车辆。

hakutaka

n比例的干扰问题必须用对射，但是ho的就可以用反射，反射的镶嵌在道心。既可以兼容bwc轨道也可以在沙盘中方便的敷设。而且探头还可以冒充“地上子”（应答器）

hakutaka

这是该信号灯编译后的程序
论坛除了俩图片啥也不支持，只能发成这样子，把它们粘贴进一个空白txt文件后改为hex文件既可烧录。
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